Turkish Paramilitaries during the Conflict with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party PKK

This paper focuses on how the paramilitary organisations of Turkish state have transformed and been used over time as a ‘useful’ tool against dissidents, especially Kurds. Paramilitary groups one main actors in war between PKK, which has ongoing for nearly forty years. These sometimes auxiliary forces at other times made into death squads operating alongside official armed forces, they mainly Kurdish civilians who allegedly support height unsolved murders, enforced disappearances extrajudicial killings since 1980. In this article, I argue that elites use apparatus not only domestic politics but also conflicts Middle East Caucasus tradition even extends to western Europe.